The Subject of Study of The Tourism Resource Management

„Human beings are innately curious concerning the world in which they live” [2,p 3]. They always wanted to learn the secret of their existence , they are interested to know how their ancestors have lived , also want to know how other places look like – what kind of people live all over the world, to learn about their culture , to visit some exotic places , to see some animals and plant life elsewhere . The developments in technology , higher levels of education , influence of television and communication media has lead to higher curiosity while material prosperity and higher standards of living, has made travel attainable for hundreds of millions of them.

Each travelers’s step becomes an adventure of his mind, at each pace he feels happiness and gloom, the unexpected gives new forces and make him rise again, the nature make him the witness of her own beauty.” Tourism , as a cultural act, makes a retrospective of the world, of the whole nature and human being creation from ancient times till our days. The history tells us that in the past men was not able to satisfy his primary needs, to produce all necessary things for his existence, this is why he start to look for communication with other people, it contributed to commercial exchange. It was a positive result which lead to the extension of contacts, people have been moving from place to place “[5,p17].Various theories have been proposed regarding the motivation for such amazing journeys. Foremost is that is these wanderings were in search of food and to escape from danger. Another theory is that people observed the migrations of birds and wanted to know where the birds came from and where they were going. “From the days of such early explorers as Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and James Cook to the present, there has been a steady growth in travel. In the twentieth century, the invention of the automobile and all – weather roads has brought about unprecedented growth”[2, p 3].

„When we think of tourism we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation and having a good time. They may spend their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking, and taking rides, touring, reading or simply enjoying the environment. If we consider the subject further we may include in our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference or some other kind of business or professional activity, as well as those who are taking a study tour “[3, p 8].

For the first time the term tourist was used in 1800 by Samuel Pegge in his book "Funny story of English language", in a very interesting expression "A traveler is now-a - days called Tourist". In France the first who used the word

tourist was Stendhal in 'Tourist memories" in 1838. "Sporting Magazine" was the first who used this word in England in 1811, [l,p 24].

The first definition of the word tourist was given in 1876 in "Universal Dictionary of XIX Century" which says that:” tourist is the person who travels only for pleasure. Forward this term was officially accepted and used in Great Britain the statistics were making the difference between the emigrants and travelers. Tourist is the person whose residence remains the same unlike the emigrants whose residence is there where he is going” [1 ,p 24].

Any attempt to define tourism and to describe its scopes fully must consider the various groups that participate in and are affected by this industry. Their perspectives are vital to the development of a comprehensive definition, [3, p.9]. Now definition of tourism mean that is the activity of traveling for pleasure [6] but tourist means traveler for pleasure: a traveler who visits places away from home for pleasure.

From etymological point of view, the word „ tourism „ proceed from English word „ tour” (trip), or „ totour” , „to make a tour” ( to travel), it appeared in the Great Britain in 1700. This english term poceed from a french word „tour” ( trip, walk, outside walking ) . The word „ tourism” generated the word „ tourist”, the person who mkes the trip in order to satisfy his wish. Tourism was a subject of studying for many scientistsThese way, the scientist Freuler („ Manual of swiss people’s economy”, 1905), shows that tourism is a phenomenon of our days based on increasing need for recovery and change in home environment and development of the feeling for nature. Here we may notice the following fact: a high proportion of the tourist resources, especially of human origin is ignored. Let’s take another example. From the point of view of the german scientist Posser „Tourism represents a local original concentration of foreigners on a temporary basis which generates mutual relationship with the native population”.

Tourism definitions:

One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist Hermann Von Schullard in 1910, who defined it as, "sum total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region."

Hunziker and Krapf, in1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."

In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment. transport and accommodation .

Individually, sufficient health is also a condition, and of course the inclination to travel. Furthermore, in some countries there are legal restrictions on traveling, especially abroad. Certain states with strong governmental control over the lives of citizens (notably established Communist states) may restrict foreign travel only to trustworthy citizens. The United States prohibits its citizens from traveling to some countries, for example, Cuba. The history of European tourism can perhaps be said to originate with the medieval pilgrimage. Although undertaken primarily for religious reasons, the pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales quite clearly saw the experience as a kind of holiday (the term itself being derived from the 'holy day' and its associated leisure activities). Pilgrimages created a variety of tourist aspects that still exist - bringing back souvenirs, obtaining credit with foreign banks (in medieval times using international networks established by Jews and Lombards), and making use of space available on existing forms of transport .