Waterway Transport on The Danube River

Domeniu: Transporturi

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Pagini : 12 în total

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Publicat de: Adam Atanasio Farcaș

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Profesor îndrumător / Prezentat Profesorului: Giaccomo Borusso

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Cuprins

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1. THE DANUBE NATURAL AREA 3
1.0. MAP OF THE DANUBE RIVER 3
1.1. THE DANUBE - THE PULSING LIFELINE OF EUROPE 3
1.2. THE DANUBE THEN AND NOW 4
1.3. COMMITMENTS FOR PROTECTING DANUBE NATURAL AREAS 5
2. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF WATERWAY TRANSPORT 5
2.1. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL IMPACTS OF REGULAR SHIP TRAFFIC 6
2.2. CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL IMPACTS OF REGULAR SHIP TRAFFIC 6
2.3. IMPACTS CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS 7
3. WATERWAY TRANSPORT NEEDS 7
3.1. THE SITUATION OF EUROPEAN INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT 7
3.2. PERSPECTIVES OF INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT 8
3.3. ALTERNATIVE GLOBAL CONCEPTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DANUBE WATERWAY 8
3.4. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS OF THE RHINE-MAIN-DANUBE WATERWAY 9
3.5. POLITICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS 9
3.6. THE NEED FOR MEASURES 10
3.7. THE DANUBE EAST OF VIENNA 10
4. CONCLUSIONS 12
5. REFERENCES 12

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1. The Danube Natural Area

1.0. Map of the Danube river

1.1. The Danube - the Pulsing Lifeline of Europe

With a length of 2,780 km, the Danube is - after the Volga the second longest river in Europe (for comparison: Volga 3,531 km, Rhine 1,320 km). Its catchment comprises 817,000 km² and flows through all major landscape forms of Central and Eastern Europe. From its source in the Black Forest to its mouth at the Black Sea, the Danube covers a difference in altitude of 678 metres. The "upper Danube" stretches from the source at Donaueschingen (confluence of Brigach and Breg rivers) up to the Rába near Györ (Hungary), the "middle Danube" includes the Pannonian plain up to the Iron Gate (Carpathian mountains), and the "lower Danube" ends at the Danube delta. It transports an average of 6,500 m³ of water per second into the Black Sea. A number of other large rivers (e.g. the Inn, Morava, Drava, Tisza, Sava, Siret, Prut) flowinto the Danube and contribute with their peculiar sub-basins to the overall extraordinary diversity of the Danube region.

En route to the Black Sea, it passes through several climatic zones (atlantic, submediterranean, land continental climates). This goes hand in hand with a rich structure of natural regions in different faunal zones (Alpine, Pannonian, Balkan and Pontic faunal zones).

In the Danube basin, unique ecosystems can be found such as large lakes and wetlands and floodplain forests on the upper and middle Danube, karst landscapes in the areas surrounding some tributaries, and more-over the Danube delta at the mouth into the Black Sea. Biodiversity in the riverine ecosystems, as different as gravel islands, sand cliffs, sidearms for wet meadows, is extremely high. An estimated 5,000 different animal and over 600 different plant species alone in the Austrian Danube Floodplains National Park illustrates the great value of the Danubes ecosystems regarding species protection and gene pool preservation.

From a social perspective, the Danube area is characterised by a great linguistic and cultural diversity of its inhabitants. The population of the 13 countries in the catchment area totals 83 million people and the 10 states along its banks makes it the most international river worldwide. Many of them live directly in one of the big Danube cities (e.g. Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, Belgrade) or at one of its tributaries (such as Munich, Zagreb, Sofia, or Bucharest).